Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey 2011
Cambodia, 2011
Get MicrodataIdentification
KHM-NIS-CSES-2011-v1.0
Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey 2011
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Cambodia | KHM |
Socio-Economic/Monitoring Survey [hh/sems]
The Cambodian Socio-Economic Survey 2011 (CSES) is the tenth survey collecting data from household and individuals in Cambodia on different areas relating to poverty. The survey is conducted by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) of the Ministry of Planning (MOP). The first Socio-Economic Survey was conducted in 1994 (CSES 1994). Since then the CSES has been conducted in 1996, 1997, 1999 and 2004. Since 2007 NIS conducts the CSES annually.
The CSES2004 was the fifth survey that was conducted and as a countrywide sample survey of villages and households in Cambodia. CSES2004 was the first survey with a collection of income and receipts, expenditure and consumption of own production in a diary were daily transactions are reported. The sample size in CSES2004 was 1,000 households every month. Since 2007 the Socio-Economic Survey is conducted every year with a sample size of 300 households every month (3,600 household annually). The annual surveys are undertaken as a part of the project, "Capacity Development for Socio-Economic Surveys and Planning" of the Royal Government of Cambodia. This project is supported and financed by Sida (The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency). In 2009 the CSES was similar to CSES 2004 with a sample size of 1,000 households every month (12,000 households on annual basis).
For 2010 and 2011 the sample size was again brought down to 3,600.
The earlier CSES rounds have all made it possible to report sets of indicators on 8 main areas of social concern
• Demographic characteristics
• Housing
• Agriculture
• Education
• Labour Force
• Health and Nutrition
• Victimization
• Household Income and Consumption
In CSES 2010 some changes have been introduced in the household questionnaire. Most changes were minor except for the questions on current economic activity. The 2011 survey maintained the 2010 design.
The Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES) asks questions to a country wide sample of households and household members about housing conditions, education, economic activities, household production and income, household level and structure of consumption, health, victimization, etc. There are also questions related to people in the labour force, e.g. labour force participation.
Poverty reduction is a major commitment by the Royal Government of Cambodia. Accurate statistical information about the living standards of the population and the extent of poverty is an essential instrument to assist the Government in diagnosing the problems, in designing effective policies for reducing poverty and in monitoring and evaluating the progress of poverty reduction. The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) has been adopted by the Royal Government of Cambodia and a National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) has been developed. The MDGs are also incorporated into the "Rectangular Strategy of Cambodia".
Cambodia is still a predominantly rural and agricultural society. The vast majority of the population get their subsistence in households as self-employed in agriculture. The level of living is determined by the household's command over labour and resources for own-production in terms of land and livestock for agricultural activities, equipments and tools for fishing, forestry and construction activities and income-earning activities in the informal and formal sector. The CSES aims to estimate household income and consumption/expenditure as well as a number of other household and individual characteristics.
The main objective of the survey is to collect statistical information about living conditions of the Cambodian population and the extent of poverty. The survey can be used for identifying problems and making decisions based on statistical data. They would also prove useful for the production of National Accounts in Cambodia.
A long-term objective of the entire project is to build national capability in NIS for conducting socio-economic surveys and for utilizing survey data for planning for national development and social welfare.
Among specific objectives, the following deserve special mention:
- Obtain data on infrastructural facilities in villages, especially facilities for schooling and health care and associated problems.
- Obtain data on retail prices of selected food, non-food and medicine items prevailing in the villages.
- Collect data on migration
- Collect data on utilization of education, housing and land ownership
- Collect data on household assets and outstanding loans.
- Collect data on household's construction activities.
- Collect information on maternal health, child health/care.
- Collect information on health of the household members related to illness, injury and disability.
- Collect information on economic activities including the economic activities for children aged between 5 and 17 years.
- Collect information on victimization by the household
- Collect information on the presence of the household members.
- Collect information on household income and receipts, expenditure and consumption of own production (also in diaries).
The main user is the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) as the survey supports monitoring the National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) by different socio-economic indicators. Other users are university researchers, analysts, international organizations e.g. the World Bank and NGO's. The World Bank has published a report on poverty profile and social indicators using CSES 2007 data . In this regard, the CSES continues to serve all stakeholders involved as essential instruments in order to assist in diagnosing the problems and designing their most effective policies. The CSES micro data at NIS is available for research and analysis by external researchers after approval by Senior Minister of Planning. The interesting research questions that could be put to the data are many; NIS welcomes new research based on CSES data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Households
Individuals
Version
Version v1.0. - Edited data for internal use only
2012-07
Scope
Briefly the CSES rounds have all made it possible to report sets of indicators on 8 main areas of social concern:
- Demographic characteristics
- Housing
- Agriculture
- Education
- Labour Force
- Health and Nutrition
- Victimization
- Household Income and Consumption
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Agriculture & Rural Development | World Bank |
| Food (production, crisis) | World Bank |
| Land (policy, resource management) | World Bank |
| Coal | World Bank |
| Electricity | World Bank |
| Oil & Gas | World Bank |
| Migration & Remittances | World Bank |
| Health | World Bank |
| HIV/AIDS | World Bank |
| Malaria | World Bank |
| Mental Health | World Bank |
| Nutrition | World Bank |
| Tuberculosis | World Bank |
| Infrastructure | World Bank |
| Transport | World Bank |
| Water | World Bank |
| Poverty | World Bank |
| Private Sector Development | World Bank |
| Public Sector | World Bank |
| Children & Youth | World Bank |
| Gender | World Bank |
| Urban Development | World Bank |
Coverage
National Phnom Penh / Other Urban / Other Rural
The target population for CSES is all “normal” households in Cambodia. The term normal is defined in the Population Census 2008 as households that are not institutional households, homeless households, boat population households or households of transient population. (Institutional households are boarding houses, military barracks, prisons, student dormitories, etc.).
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics | Ministry of Planning |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency | Funding |
| Royal Government of Cambodia | Funding |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Statistics Sweden | SCB | Technical Assistance (TA) |
Sampling
Sample design
The sample of villages for CSES 2011 is just a simple random 50 % subsample from the CSES 2009 sample of villages, just like for 2010. Consequently, the description of the CSES 2011 sample design will by necessity begin with a description of the CSES 2009 design.
The sample design for CSES 2010 is basically the same as the CSES 2009 design. For the 2010 and 2011 survey a subsample of 360 EAs (stage 2 units) was selected from the CSES 2009 sample of 720 EAs. The selection was done by simple random sampling within strata. The selection resulted in 136 urban EAs and 224 rural EAs.
Households were selected in the same way as in CSES 2009. For CSES 2010 and 2011 only 10 households are selected in each rural EA, as compared to 20 households in 2009. In urban areas 10 households were selected, just as in 2009.
The sampling resulted in a sample of 3,600 households, 1,360 urban households and 2,240 rural households.
The CSES 2011 enjoyed almost a 100 percent response rate. The high response rate together with close and systematic fieldwork supervision by the core group members were a major contribution for achieving high quality survey results.
The 3,600 households in the sample did not have the same probability of being selected to the sample. Urban households had on average a 1 in 400 chance of being selected while rural households only had a 1 in 1000 chance of being selected. Urban households are over-represented in the sample as a result of this way of selection. This is not a flaw in the design but rather an intended feature of the design.
The over-representation of urban households in the sample must be compensated for in the calculations of results from the sample. Each household must be assigned a “sampling weight” that reflects the chance (probability) of the household to be selected to the sample.
The sampling weights were calculated in two steps:
Step 1, Preliminary weights: The probability of being selected to the sample was calculated for each household, giving the preliminary sampling weight as the ratio 1/probability (=inverse of the probability).
Step 2, Final weights: The preliminary sampling weights were added over all sample households within each stratum. The sum of the weights is an estimate of the total number of households in the stratum. This estimate was compared to the number of households according to demographic projections based on the 2008 Population Census. The preliminary sampling weights were then “calibrated” so that the sum of the weights should agree with the demographic projections.
Survey instrument
Four different questionnaires or forms were used in the survey:
Form 1: Household listing sheets to be used in the sampling procedure in the enumeration areas.
Form 2: Village questionnaire answered by the village leader about economy and infrastructure, crop production, health, education, retail prices and sales prices of agriculture, employment and wages, and recruitment of children for work outside the village.
Form 3: Household questionnaire with questions for each household member, including modules on migration, education and literacy, housing conditions, crop production, household liabilities, durable goods, construction activities, nutrition, fertility and child care, child feeding and vaccination, health of children, mortality, current economic activity, health and illness, smoking, HIV/AIDS awareness, and victimization.
Form 4: Diary form on daily household expenditure and income
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2011-01-01 | 2011-12-29 |
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics | Ministry of Planning |
Any survey of the CSES dimensions needs a comprehensive system for quality management and monitoring. Only then can deviations from the target be tended to in time to avoid shortfalls. Interviewers and supervisors were initially divided into teams of five persons (one supervisor and four interviewers), making in total 50 teams for the fieldwork.
The CSES management group within NIS therefore set up a meticulous monitoring scheme to be implemented from the very beginning. The monitoring team did include at least five NIS staff. Commonly the DG of NIS has spent one week monthly while other top ranked NIS officers have been out for two weeks on average. At times other officials from NIS or the Ministry have participated.
Inspections entailed both announced and unannounced visits. Every team was visited at least twice during their fieldwork periods. The purposes of these visits were several. One important purpose was to get a disciplinary effect on supervisors and enumerators from their knowledge that such inspections must be expected throughout the fieldwork month, including also at the very end of the diary month. Also important was to give feedback and encouragement to fieldworkers and to complement training by advice and suggestions and to sort out any problem that had arisen in the course of fieldwork in the village. Another area of concern was to ensure that the household listing and sampling was done in accordance with the procedures that were devised.
Please refer to Technical Douments for details.
Interviewers and supervisors were initially divided into teams of five persons (one supervisor and four interviewers), making in total 50 teams for the fieldwork. Each month, 25 teams were working in the field with a workload of 10 households per interviewer. In urban areas, 4 PSUs were allocated to one team while in rural areas, 2 PSUs were allocated. The fieldwork plan was designed in order to gather around 60 households monthly per team.
For a given month, the team arrived in the village three days before the first day of the month to tend to preparatory tasks like discussing with village authorities, filling out the Household Listing Form, and thereafter sample those households to be interviewed.
The Village Form was filled out by the supervisor.
The Household Questionnaire had 16 sections that were filled out by the interviewer during the first visit to the household, and in the following four weeks according to the following scheme:
FIRST VISIT: Initial visit
WEEK 1: Education and literacy, Housing
WEEK 2: Household economic activities, Household liabilities, Household income from other sources, and other expenditures (partial non-food recall)
WEEK 3: Durable goods and other expenses, Construction activities in the past 12 months, Nutrition, Fertility and child care, Mortality
WEEK 4: Health check of children, Current economic activity, Health, HIV/AIDS, Victimization
Once the month ended, the team went back to the NIS headquarters in Phnom Penh.
Questionnaires from the same PSU was delivered to the Data Management team by the supervisor in a packet including all of the documents used and produced in the fieldwork, including maps, enumeration lists, questionnaires, diaries, etc. Before going to the villages, teams were briefed and introduced to minor adjustments of the interviewing procedure that had to be made as a result of monitoring activities and feed-back from the data processing.
The fieldwork started in Janury 2011 and was scheduled to end in December 2011.
Fifty (50) supervisors and 200 enumerators were recruited by NIS and trained for the fieldwork. The training took place in Phnom Penh and lasted three weeks for supervisors and two weeks for enumerators. Before the start of each fieldwork month, there were briefing and retraining sessions. Each fieldwork team included one supervisor and four enumerators. In urban areas one enumerator was responsible for one PSU and for interviewing 10 households, while in rural areas two enumerators were responsible for one PSU and for interviewing 20 households. In all, 125 enumerators and supervisors, divided into 25 teams, were carrying out the fieldwork at the same time. Two such team groups were formed and each team group alternated monthly.
Enumerator and Supervisor training
Initial training was provided during nine days for a group of 20-30 staff (not all were attending all the time). This training included a translation into Khmer of selected parts of the questionnaire, and a field test in a village outside Phnom Penh where the participants performed test interviews in 16 households. The experiences from this exercise were followed up during the course. The course also included general aspects on survey methodology and ways of controlling for errors. Many of the findings from this training served as input to later stages.
Prior to the start of the fieldwork intensive interviewer and supervisor training was carried out. The 200 interviewers and 50 supervisors recruited were split into two groups, each consisting of 100 interviewers and 25 supervisors. The two groups later alternated so that the first group did their fieldwork during odd survey months (i.e. November, January, March …) while the second group covered the even survey months (i.e. February, April …).
Common was that the supervisors were first trained during one week, and then jointly with their interviewers for two weeks. Before all fieldwork months the group in turn was gathered at the NIS to walk through the questionnaire and manuals in order to correct errors that were detected during the briefing sessions or the monitoring operations, and to learn how to handle any changes that were introduced to the survey instruments.
Data processing
The NIS team commenced their work of checking and coding in begining of February after the first month of fieldwork was completed. Supervisors from the field delivered questionaires to NIS. SIDA project expert and NIS Survey Manager helped in solving relevant matters that become apparent when reviewing questionnaires on delivery.
Access policy
The main objective of the survey is to collect accurate statistical information about living
standards of the population and the extent of poverty as an essential instrument for identifying
problems and designing effective policies for reducing poverty, and in evaluating the progress
of poverty reduction.
Like the four previous survey rounds six main areas of social concern have been surveyed:
- Household level and the structure of consumption including poverty and nutrition
- Household production and cash income
- Education and access to schooling
- Health and access to medical care
- Housing and amenities
- Family and social relations
The CSES 2004 was carried out on a nationwide representative sample of 15,000 households
within 900 Primary Sampling Units (PSU) corresponding to 867 villages. It was designed to
provide information on social and economic conditions of households for policy studies on
poverty, household production, final consumption for the National Accounts, and weights for
the Consumer Price Index (CPI). It was divided into 15 monthly samples of 1,000 households
each in 60 PSUs from November-03 till January-05.
Using data for the 15 months, reliable estimates were produced for 11 individual provinces;
Bantey Meanchy, Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Speu, Kampong Thom, Kandal,
Phnom Penh, Pery Veng, Siem Reap, Svay Rieng and Takeo. The other 13 provinces were
grouped according to zone:
Tonle Sap provinces: Kampong Chhnang and Pursat
Coastal provinces: Kampot, Sihanouk Ville, Kaoh Kong and Krong Keb
Plateau/Mountain: Kratie, Steung Treng, Rattanakiri, Mondol Kiri, Preah Vihear, Oddor
Meanchey, and Krong Pailin
The 1998 Population Census, carried out by NIS, was used as sampling frame in the sampling
design of the CSES 2004.
The survey covers private households with one or more persons. Nomadic households are
included in principal. Excluded are:
- People living in institutions (such as long term hospitals, prisons, monasteries, military
quarters) - Diplomatic and UN households in the country
- Other foreigners in the country
- Armed forces residing in military bases
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General | National Institute of Statistics | www.nis.gov.kh | info@nis.gov.kh |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | All information collected in CSES 2011 is strictly confidential and will be used for statistical purpose only, in accordance with the 2005 Cambodian Law on Statistics. |
-
The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the National Institute of Statistics.
-
The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
-
No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the National Institute of Statistics.
-
No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the National Institute of Statistics, or among data from the National Institute of Statistics and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
-
Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the National Institute of Statistics will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
-
An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the National Institute of Statistics.
Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey 2011 (CSES 2011), National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Cambodia
The main objective of the survey is to collect accurate statistical information about living
standards of the population and the extent of poverty as an essential instrument for identifying
problems and designing effective policies for reducing poverty, and in evaluating the progress
of poverty reduction.
Like the four previous survey rounds six main areas of social concern have been surveyed:
- Household level and the structure of consumption including poverty and nutrition
- Household production and cash income
- Education and access to schooling
- Health and access to medical care
- Housing and amenities
- Family and social relations
The CSES 2004 was carried out on a nationwide representative sample of 15,000 households
within 900 Primary Sampling Units (PSU) corresponding to 867 villages. It was designed to
provide information on social and economic conditions of households for policy studies on
poverty, household production, final consumption for the National Accounts, and weights for
the Consumer Price Index (CPI). It was divided into 15 monthly samples of 1,000 households
each in 60 PSUs from November-03 till January-05.
Using data for the 15 months, reliable estimates were produced for 11 individual provinces;
Bantey Meanchy, Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Speu, Kampong Thom, Kandal,
Phnom Penh, Pery Veng, Siem Reap, Svay Rieng and Takeo. The other 13 provinces were
grouped according to zone:
Tonle Sap provinces: Kampong Chhnang and Pursat
Coastal provinces: Kampot, Sihanouk Ville, Kaoh Kong and Krong Keb
Plateau/Mountain: Kratie, Steung Treng, Rattanakiri, Mondol Kiri, Preah Vihear, Oddor
Meanchey, and Krong Pailin
The 1998 Population Census, carried out by NIS, was used as sampling frame in the sampling
design of the CSES 2004.
The survey covers private households with one or more persons. Nomadic households are
included in principal. Excluded are:
- People living in institutions (such as long term hospitals, prisons, monasteries, military
quarters) - Diplomatic and UN households in the country
- Other foreigners in the country
- Armed forces residing in military bases
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the National Institute of Statistics, Cambodia bears no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
(c) 2011, National Institute of Statistics, Cambodia
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director, Demographic Statistics, Census and Survey Department | National Institute of Statistics | census@camnet.com.kh | www.nis.gov.kh |
| Data User Service Center | National Institute of Statistics | dusc@nis.gov.kh | www.nis.gov.kh |
| Director, ICT Department | National Institute of Statistics | www.nis.gov.kh |
Metadata production
DDI-KHM-NIS-CSES11-v1.0
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Bou Sreylun | National Institue of Statistics | Archivist |
| Chum Putivan | National Institue of Statistics | Archivist |
2013-07-31
Metadata version
version 1.0 (July 2011) -The first documentation of the survey