General Population Census of Cambodia 1998
Cambodia, 1998
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Reference ID
KHM-NIS-GPCC-1998-v01
Producer(s)
National Institute of Statistics
Metadata
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Jan 07, 2021
Last modified
Jan 08, 2021
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Identification
Survey ID Number
KHM-NIS-GPCC-1998-v01
Title
General Population Census of Cambodia 1998
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Cambodia | KHM |
Study type
Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen]
Series Information
The General Population Census of Cambodia 1998 is the second nationwide population count for the country. The last Population Census in Cambodia took place in April 1962. The 1998 Census is, therefore, held in Cambodia after a lapse of nearly 36 years. It is planned to be undertaken every 10 years thereafter.
Abstract
The 1998 Census seeks to create an inventory of the country's manpower resources and demographic characteristics as at a given time. Only the census can provide data for small areas (e.g. village) for local planning purposes.
The population census is the most fundamental source of national population data required by a country for administrative purposes as well as for economic and social planning and research. It is expected to provide a comprehensive and reliable inventory of a country's population. Apart from the size of population in each of the administrative units which is the basic information provided by the census, an analysis of the census data provides information on trends in population growth, age and sex structure of the population, the levels of mortality and fertility, the course of migration, trends in urbanization and on many more characteristics of the population. A study of the current demographic levels and past trends is very essential in making population projections that form the basis of national plans for economic development and other welfare programmes.
The demographic, social and economic indicators as well as other bench mark data at small area levels produced by the 1998 Census will go a long way in monitoring and evaluating the implementation of National Strategic Development Plan programmes in the future.
The population census is the most fundamental source of national population data required by a country for administrative purposes as well as for economic and social planning and research. It is expected to provide a comprehensive and reliable inventory of a country's population. Apart from the size of population in each of the administrative units which is the basic information provided by the census, an analysis of the census data provides information on trends in population growth, age and sex structure of the population, the levels of mortality and fertility, the course of migration, trends in urbanization and on many more characteristics of the population. A study of the current demographic levels and past trends is very essential in making population projections that form the basis of national plans for economic development and other welfare programmes.
The demographic, social and economic indicators as well as other bench mark data at small area levels produced by the 1998 Census will go a long way in monitoring and evaluating the implementation of National Strategic Development Plan programmes in the future.
Kind of Data
Census/enumeration data [cen]
Unit of Analysis
Individuals
Households
Households
Version
Version Description
vesion v1.0. - Edited data for internal use only.
Version Date
2000
Version Notes
vesion 1-edited but internal
vesion 2-edited for public use
vesion 2-edited for public use
Scope
Notes
The scope of the census includes:
- HOUSEHOLD: Household members characteristics, migration, literacy, education, disability, main activity, employment, occupation.
- WOMEN: Women's characteristics, children born, alive and died.
- DEATHS: characteristics of the deceased, cause of death, maternal mortality.
- HOUSING CONDITIONS AND FACILITIES: Source of lighting, cooking fuel, toilet, water supply, number of rooms, ownership of facilities, access to internet.
- HOUSEHOLD: Household members characteristics, migration, literacy, education, disability, main activity, employment, occupation.
- WOMEN: Women's characteristics, children born, alive and died.
- DEATHS: characteristics of the deceased, cause of death, maternal mortality.
- HOUSING CONDITIONS AND FACILITIES: Source of lighting, cooking fuel, toilet, water supply, number of rooms, ownership of facilities, access to internet.
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Education | World Bank |
| Energy | World Bank |
| Electricity | World Bank |
| Population & Reproductive Health | World Bank |
| Disability | World Bank |
| Labor Markets | World Bank |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National
Administrative units
Urban/Rural
Administrative units
Urban/Rural
Universe
The census was conducted on a de facto basis. In other words, all persons staying in Cambodia on the Census Night were enumerated in the place they were found present. These persons included foreigners but excluded foreign diplomatic corps and the like and their families. Officials of Cambodia's missions and their families living in other countries were also included.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics | Ministry of Planning |
Producers
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| United Nations Department for Economic and Social Affairs | Assistance in project execution |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| United Nations Population Fund | UNFPA | Funding |
| United Nations Development Programme | UNDP | Funding |
| Royal Government of Cambodia | RGC | Co-funding for fieldwork |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mr. Nott Rama Rao | UNFPA | Technical Assistance |
| Mr. Harry Lode | UNFPA | Data Processing Technical Assistance |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Not Applicable
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 1998-02-27 | 1998-03-02 | Houselisting |
| 1998-03-03 | 1998-03-12 | Census Enumeration |
Time periods
| Start date | Cycle |
|---|---|
| 1998-03-03 | midnight (00 hours) |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
About 25,000 enumerators and 8,350 supervisors were appointed to do the enumeration by visiting each and every household. They were drawn mostly from teachers. Generally one supervisor was appointed to closely supervise the work of three to four enumerators depending on the size and location of EAs. Regional Census Coordinators (six UN Volunteers and one consultant) were appointed in remote provinces for guiding the Province Census Officers and supervising the census in those provinces.
Data Collection Notes
The Demographic Survey of 1996 marked the beginning of the preparation for the census. One of the most important pre-census activities was to develop maps at various administrative levels. For the purpose of enumeration, each enumerator was to be given an enumeration area (EA) with definite boundaries. An EA, with an average size of about 100 households, might be a village or part of a village (in the case of large villages). Starting from December 1996 the work of preparing village sketch maps and delineating the Enumeration Areas was completed in about a years time.
De Facto enumeration
The census was conducted on a de facto basis. In other words, all persons staying in Cambodia on the Census Night were enumerated in the place they were found present. These persons included foreigners but excluded foreign diplomatic corps and the like and their families. Officials of Cambodia's missions and their families living in other countries were enumerated by mailing questionnaires to them with the help of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs.
Canvasser Method
The method of enumeration adopted was the canvasser method. An officially appointed enumerator visited every household in the allotted EA and collected for every person the information required. This information was recorded on the census questionnaire.
Geographical Frame
The Geographical frame for the 1998 census followed the defined structure of province, district, commune and village. There are 24 provinces in the country which include the municipality of Phnom Penh and the "Krong" or "Towns" of Preah Sihanouk, Kaeb and Pailin. These provinces are divided into 183 districts which are subdivided into 1,609 communes containing 13,406 villages. Census enumeration covered the entire inhabited
geographical areas with the exception of a few areas which were inaccessible during the census due to military operations. These areas were: (i) Whole districts of Anlong Veaeng in Otdar Mean Chey province, Samlot in Bat Dambang province and Veal Veaeng in
Pousat province (ii) Ou Bei Choan village of Ou Chrov district in Banteay Mean Chey province. The population in these excluded areas is estimated to be about 45,000. The refugee population who immigrated to Thailand at the time of the census were not included in the census as it was conducted on a de facto basis.
Census Decree
The 1998 Census was conducted under the authority of the Royal Decree (Kret) No. JS/RKT/02-96/08 dated February 29, 1996 on the organization of the General Population Census of Cambodia. According to this Decree, the Ministry of Planning is responsible for the General Population Census with the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) as the implementing agency. The Decree inter alia ensures confidentiality of personal information collected in the census.
Organization Structure
The National Committee for the General Population Census of Cambodia constituted by Sub-decree No. 12 dated January 31, 1997, under the chairmanship of HE Deputy Prime Minister and Co-Minister, Ministry of Interior, had the responsibility for instructing, deciding and endorsing all general items of work pertaining to the census. The Census Technical Committee with HE Minister of Planning as chairman dealt with technical issues relating to the census. In the conduct of the census, the population census office of the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) under the Director of Census was the central unit that served as the monitoring, communication and action centre for the census. It had seven divisions each in charge of a specific activity, like administration, planning and monitoring etc. The Province Director of Planning acted as the Province Census Officer (PCO) for his / her province and was responsible for the operations in the province. A middle level officer of the NIS was posted at each provincial headquarters as Regional Officer (RO). Trained junior officers of NIS were posted in provinces as Assistant Regional Officers at the rate of one for three or four districts. The Regional and Assistant Regional Officers acted as technical advisers to the province census officers. A Provincial Census Committee, with the Governor of the Province as chairperson, was established in each province to assist in implementing the census successfully.
Recruitment and Training
About 25,000 enumerators and 8,350 supervisors were appointed to do the enumeration by visiting each and every household. They were drawn mostly from teachers. Training on the census procedure and filling-in of questionnaires and other relevant census forms (with practical exercise) was imparted at three levels. Training materials were prepared carefully in advance. These materials included instruction manuals to enumerators/supervisors, training guides for trainers, flip charts and training forms. At the first level, training was given to about 70 trainers' trainers, who were the core census staff and the staff of the Ministry of Planning and NIS earmarked for the census work. They were trained at NIS for three to four weeks.Training of enumerators and supervisors was the third level training held for a week at training centers situated in district headquarters / selected communes. In all, there were 505 training centers in which 961 training sessions were held.
Data Processing
The main post-census activity of the Data Processing Division was the manual coding and editing of census documents, data entry from the questionnaires, computer editing and tabulation and the generation of various dissemination products.
Field Supervision
The census was closely supervised by census supervisors and commune, district and province officials. National and International staff as well as the Minister of Planning and UNFPA Representative visited several areas to oversee the census operations. A team consisting of three international observers who inspected the census operations in different parts of the country, concluded that the census coverage and quality was generally good.
Post Enumeration Survey
The census was closely followed by a Post Enumeration Survey (PES) conducted in sample areas to evaluate the census. This was necessary as in a large-scale exercise like the census, it is inevitable that some inaccuracies arise from deficiencies and errors in coverage and response. A separate report on the findings of the survey will be published. The most important finding of the PES was that the net under-enumeration in the census was 1.78 percent. This is considered to be good.
De Facto enumeration
The census was conducted on a de facto basis. In other words, all persons staying in Cambodia on the Census Night were enumerated in the place they were found present. These persons included foreigners but excluded foreign diplomatic corps and the like and their families. Officials of Cambodia's missions and their families living in other countries were enumerated by mailing questionnaires to them with the help of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs.
Canvasser Method
The method of enumeration adopted was the canvasser method. An officially appointed enumerator visited every household in the allotted EA and collected for every person the information required. This information was recorded on the census questionnaire.
Geographical Frame
The Geographical frame for the 1998 census followed the defined structure of province, district, commune and village. There are 24 provinces in the country which include the municipality of Phnom Penh and the "Krong" or "Towns" of Preah Sihanouk, Kaeb and Pailin. These provinces are divided into 183 districts which are subdivided into 1,609 communes containing 13,406 villages. Census enumeration covered the entire inhabited
geographical areas with the exception of a few areas which were inaccessible during the census due to military operations. These areas were: (i) Whole districts of Anlong Veaeng in Otdar Mean Chey province, Samlot in Bat Dambang province and Veal Veaeng in
Pousat province (ii) Ou Bei Choan village of Ou Chrov district in Banteay Mean Chey province. The population in these excluded areas is estimated to be about 45,000. The refugee population who immigrated to Thailand at the time of the census were not included in the census as it was conducted on a de facto basis.
Census Decree
The 1998 Census was conducted under the authority of the Royal Decree (Kret) No. JS/RKT/02-96/08 dated February 29, 1996 on the organization of the General Population Census of Cambodia. According to this Decree, the Ministry of Planning is responsible for the General Population Census with the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) as the implementing agency. The Decree inter alia ensures confidentiality of personal information collected in the census.
Organization Structure
The National Committee for the General Population Census of Cambodia constituted by Sub-decree No. 12 dated January 31, 1997, under the chairmanship of HE Deputy Prime Minister and Co-Minister, Ministry of Interior, had the responsibility for instructing, deciding and endorsing all general items of work pertaining to the census. The Census Technical Committee with HE Minister of Planning as chairman dealt with technical issues relating to the census. In the conduct of the census, the population census office of the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) under the Director of Census was the central unit that served as the monitoring, communication and action centre for the census. It had seven divisions each in charge of a specific activity, like administration, planning and monitoring etc. The Province Director of Planning acted as the Province Census Officer (PCO) for his / her province and was responsible for the operations in the province. A middle level officer of the NIS was posted at each provincial headquarters as Regional Officer (RO). Trained junior officers of NIS were posted in provinces as Assistant Regional Officers at the rate of one for three or four districts. The Regional and Assistant Regional Officers acted as technical advisers to the province census officers. A Provincial Census Committee, with the Governor of the Province as chairperson, was established in each province to assist in implementing the census successfully.
Recruitment and Training
About 25,000 enumerators and 8,350 supervisors were appointed to do the enumeration by visiting each and every household. They were drawn mostly from teachers. Training on the census procedure and filling-in of questionnaires and other relevant census forms (with practical exercise) was imparted at three levels. Training materials were prepared carefully in advance. These materials included instruction manuals to enumerators/supervisors, training guides for trainers, flip charts and training forms. At the first level, training was given to about 70 trainers' trainers, who were the core census staff and the staff of the Ministry of Planning and NIS earmarked for the census work. They were trained at NIS for three to four weeks.Training of enumerators and supervisors was the third level training held for a week at training centers situated in district headquarters / selected communes. In all, there were 505 training centers in which 961 training sessions were held.
Data Processing
The main post-census activity of the Data Processing Division was the manual coding and editing of census documents, data entry from the questionnaires, computer editing and tabulation and the generation of various dissemination products.
Field Supervision
The census was closely supervised by census supervisors and commune, district and province officials. National and International staff as well as the Minister of Planning and UNFPA Representative visited several areas to oversee the census operations. A team consisting of three international observers who inspected the census operations in different parts of the country, concluded that the census coverage and quality was generally good.
Post Enumeration Survey
The census was closely followed by a Post Enumeration Survey (PES) conducted in sample areas to evaluate the census. This was necessary as in a large-scale exercise like the census, it is inevitable that some inaccuracies arise from deficiencies and errors in coverage and response. A separate report on the findings of the survey will be published. The most important finding of the PES was that the net under-enumeration in the census was 1.78 percent. This is considered to be good.
Data Collectors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| School teachers and other officials | Ministry of Education |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Two questionnaires (Form A Houselist and Form B Household questionnaire), developed for the demographic survey, were slightly revised to suit census purposes. They were further refined based on the experience of the first pre-test in selected areas in January 1997, suggestions made at the First Data Users Meeting (April 1997) and recommendations of the Census Technical Committee (April and June 1997). Finally a pilot census was carried out in June 1997 in sample areas with the help of teachers which showed that with some minor changes, the questionnaires and the instruction manuals developed could be used in the census.
Form A: Houselist which was canvassed during the preliminary round was used to collect the following information in respect of buildings which had households in them: Building / Structure number, predominant construction material of wall, roof and floor of building, whether building is wholly or partly residential, household number, and name and sex of head of household and number of persons usually living in the household.
Form B: Household Questionnaire had four parts:- Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4. This was used for census enumeration during March 3 to 12, 1998 in all households. In Part 1, information on usual members of household present on Census Night (March 3, 1998), visitors present on the Census Night and usual members absent on the Census Night was collected.
Part 2 of Form B, was used to collect the following information in respect of each usual member of household present and each visitor to household: Full name, relationship to head of household, sex, age, marital status, mother tongue, religion, birth place, previous residence, duration of stay, reason for migration, literacy, full time education and economic characteristics.
In Part 3 of Form B, fertility information of females aged 15 and over in the household was collected. In Part 4 of Form B, following information was collected on housing conditions and facilities: basis of occupancy of the dwelling by the household (like owner occupied or rented), main source of light available to the household, main cooking fuel used by household, whether toilet facility was available within premises, main source of drinking water supply for the household and number of rooms occupied by the household.
Form A: Houselist which was canvassed during the preliminary round was used to collect the following information in respect of buildings which had households in them: Building / Structure number, predominant construction material of wall, roof and floor of building, whether building is wholly or partly residential, household number, and name and sex of head of household and number of persons usually living in the household.
Form B: Household Questionnaire had four parts:- Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4. This was used for census enumeration during March 3 to 12, 1998 in all households. In Part 1, information on usual members of household present on Census Night (March 3, 1998), visitors present on the Census Night and usual members absent on the Census Night was collected.
Part 2 of Form B, was used to collect the following information in respect of each usual member of household present and each visitor to household: Full name, relationship to head of household, sex, age, marital status, mother tongue, religion, birth place, previous residence, duration of stay, reason for migration, literacy, full time education and economic characteristics.
In Part 3 of Form B, fertility information of females aged 15 and over in the household was collected. In Part 4 of Form B, following information was collected on housing conditions and facilities: basis of occupancy of the dwelling by the household (like owner occupied or rented), main source of light available to the household, main cooking fuel used by household, whether toilet facility was available within premises, main source of drinking water supply for the household and number of rooms occupied by the household.
Data Processing
Data Editing
The census data processing division of NIS is responsible for manual editing and coding of questionnaires, data entry, computer editing and tabulation, and the generation of products like the population database and maintenance of the web site. The main post-census activity of the Data Processing Division was the manual coding and editing of census documents, data entry from the questionnaires, computer editing and tabulation and the generation of various dissemination products.
The manual coding and editing of the census documents was done in two stages. First, the summary statements were scrutinised and edited. This provided the basis for the provisional census results (population by sex at national and provincial levels), which were released through a book in August 1998. The second stage concentrated on the coding, editing and data entry of the main census questionnaire (Form B).
The manual coding and editing of the census documents was done in two stages. First, the summary statements were scrutinised and edited. This provided the basis for the provisional census results (population by sex at national and provincial levels), which were released through a book in August 1998. The second stage concentrated on the coding, editing and data entry of the main census questionnaire (Form B).
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
Not Applicable
Data Appraisal
Computer editing was performed to remove errors and inconsistencies in the data sets. A large number of statistical tables were generated at various geographical levels. To this end, a Tabulation Plan had been prepared, taking into account the recommendations made at the Second Data Users Meeting (November 1998).
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director, Demographic Statistics | National Institute of Statistics | www.nis.gov.kh | |
| Director, ICT Department | National Institute of Statistic | lundysaint@yahoo.com | www.nis.gov.kh |
| Data User Service Center | National Institute of Statistics | dusc@nis.gov.kh | www.nis.gov.kh |
Confidentiality
The Statistics Law Article 22 specifies matters of confidentiality. It explicitly says that all staff working with statistics within the Government of Cambodia "shall ensure confidentiality of all individual information obtained from respondents, except under special circumstances with the consent of the Minister of Planning. The information collected under this Law is to be used only for statistical purposes."
Access conditions
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the National Institute of Statistics.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the National Institute of Statistics.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the National Institute of Statistics, or among data from the National Institute of Statistics and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the National Institute of Statistics will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the National Institute of Statistics.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the National Institute of Statistics.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the National Institute of Statistics, or among data from the National Institute of Statistics and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the National Institute of Statistics will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the National Institute of Statistics.
Citation requirements
"National Institute of Statistics, General Population Census of Cambodia 1998 (GPCC 1998), Version 2.0 of the public use dataset provided by the NIS National Data Archive. www.nis.gov.kh/nada".
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General | National Instiute of Statistics | info@nis.gov.kh | Link |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the National Institute of Statistics, Cambodia bears no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Copyright
(c) 2000, Cambodia National Institute of Statistics
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-KHM-NIS-GPCC-1998-v01
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENG DANY | DANY | National Institute of Statistics | Documentation |
Date of Metadata Production
2013-07-22
DDI Document version
Version 01 (July 2013) - first documentation using IHSN Toolkit