Labor Force Survey 2001
Cambodia, 2001
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Reference ID
KHM-NIS-LF-2001-v01
Producer(s)
National Institute of Statistics
Metadata
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Identification
Survey ID Number
KHM-NIS-LF-2001-v01
Title
Labor Force Survey 2001
Translated Title
Angkat Kamlaing Pulkam 2001
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Cambodia | KHM |
Study type
Labor Force Survey [hh/lfs]
Series Information
The Labor Force Survey (LFS) of Cambodia conducted in November 2001 is the second of the series of nationwide labor force surveys. Its primary purpose was to gather data on labor force and employment levels and structures needed for national accounts estimation. The results of the survey are intended for national account estimation and for providing a quantitative framework for planning and policy formulation affecting the labor market.
Abstract
The Labor Force Survey (LFS) of Cambodia conducted in November 2001 is the second of the series of nationwide labor force surveys. Its primary purpose was to gather data on labor force and employment levels and structures needed for national accounts estimation. The results of the survey are intended for national account estimation and for providing a quantitative framework for planning and policy formulation affecting the labor market.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
1.Individuals
2.Household
2.Household
Version
Version Description
- v01: - Edited data for internal use only
Version Date
2001-11-01
Scope
Notes
The survey involves the collection of data on the demographic and economic characteristics of the population. It covers 500 sample villages or a total of 5000 sample households nationwide.
The scope of the survey with respect to items of information is as follows:
1. Part I - For all persons
a) Relationship to Household Head
b) Age
c) Sex
2. Part II - For Persons 10 Years Old and Over
a) Education (Current School Attendance and Highest Educational Attainment)
b) Current Activity (Past Week)
c) Primary Occupation
d) Economic Activity or Industry
e) Nature and Status of Employment
f) Remuneration, Earnings and Commissions
g) Hours Worked
h) Availability for / Seeking Additional Work
i) Reasons for not Being Available for Work
The scope of the survey with respect to items of information is as follows:
1. Part I - For all persons
a) Relationship to Household Head
b) Age
c) Sex
2. Part II - For Persons 10 Years Old and Over
a) Education (Current School Attendance and Highest Educational Attainment)
b) Current Activity (Past Week)
c) Primary Occupation
d) Economic Activity or Industry
e) Nature and Status of Employment
f) Remuneration, Earnings and Commissions
g) Hours Worked
h) Availability for / Seeking Additional Work
i) Reasons for not Being Available for Work
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National (24 Provinces) Urban, Rural
Geographic Unit
Domain for LFS 2001 is the province. The study covers 24 domains, namely:
1 Banteay Meanchey
2 Battambang
3 Kampong Cham
4 Kampong Chhnang
5 Kampong Speu
6 Kampong Thom
7 Kampot
8 Kandal
9 Koh Kong
10 Kratie
11 Mondul Kiri
12 Phnom Penh
13 Preah Vihear
14 Prey Veng
15 Pursat
16 Ratanak Kiri
17 Siemreap
18 Sihanoukville
19 Stung Treng
20 Svay Rieng
21 Takeo
22 Oddar Meanchey
23 Kep
24 Pailin
1 Banteay Meanchey
2 Battambang
3 Kampong Cham
4 Kampong Chhnang
5 Kampong Speu
6 Kampong Thom
7 Kampot
8 Kandal
9 Koh Kong
10 Kratie
11 Mondul Kiri
12 Phnom Penh
13 Preah Vihear
14 Prey Veng
15 Pursat
16 Ratanak Kiri
17 Siemreap
18 Sihanoukville
19 Stung Treng
20 Svay Rieng
21 Takeo
22 Oddar Meanchey
23 Kep
24 Pailin
Universe
The survey coverd the members (individuals) from the sample households of resident households in Cambodia:
1. All members for geographic part
2. All members aged 10 and over for education and labour force parts
1. All members for geographic part
2. All members aged 10 and over for education and labour force parts
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics | Ministry of Planning |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Asian Developmemt Bank | ADB | Funding and TA |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Dr. V.N. Gnanathurai | Asian Development Bank | Assistant Chief Economist |
| Dr. Bishnu Dev Pant | Asian Development Bank | Development Indicators and Policy Research Division, Economic Research Department |
| Ms. G. Cubinar | Asian Development Bank | Survey Management and Methodology Consultant |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The LFS adopted a stratified two-stage systematic sampling design with villages as the primary sampling units (PSUs) and households as secondary sampling units (SSUs).
The sample consisted of 500 villages sampled from 12,739 villages in Cambodia. Then from each sample village, a fix sample of 10 households was taken using circular systematic sampling with a random start. It covered 500 sample villages or a total of 5000 sample households nationwide
The sample consisted of 500 villages sampled from 12,739 villages in Cambodia. Then from each sample village, a fix sample of 10 households was taken using circular systematic sampling with a random start. It covered 500 sample villages or a total of 5000 sample households nationwide
Response Rate
Despite the length of the questionnaire, the respondents cooperated with the survey staff and provided answers to both questionnaires and it was possible to achieve a 100% response rate. At this stage it is not possible to comment on item non-response, and completeness of information provided by the respondents, and the respondent's fatigue arising from the length of the interviews which may have had a bearing on these issues.
Weighting
The sampling design used in LF 2001 is not self-weighting. Therefore it was necessary to calculate the weights or inflation factors applicable to both villages and households of each sampled village, before the data for villages or households were aggregated. The weights for estimation of the aggregates were computed (or the villages and households in the 24 domains (or 24 provinces) into which the country is divided. The need to adjust the weights for non-response did not arise as completed questionnaires from all sampled villages and households were retrieved achieving a 100% response rate. Inflation factors were checked for each domain by comparison of the sum of the weighting factors of all sampled households which constitute an estimate of the total number of households in the domain against the total number of households for the domain in the sampling frame. The weighting factors (WEIGHT) with the corresponding identifiers of villages and households were fed as an input into the computer to be merged with the data files.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2001-11-12 | 2001-11-26 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
The field control procedures provided for the supervisors to inspect and make on the spot checks while the interview was being conducted and they were also required to re-interview a sub-sample of the households already interviewed by the enumerators under his supervision. To ensure effective supervision through inspections and re-interviews, adequate funds were allocated for the payment of honoraria to supervisors for their supervisory duties. Some of the core group staff functioned as area coordinators and they were in over all charge of supervision as well as the coordination of the areas assigned to them.
Data Collection Notes
Data collection involved the following activities: mapping, canvassing, plotting, listing and enumeration. Mapping entailed drawing of a sketch map of the enumeration area, which may be an entire village or a segment of a village randomly selected, taking into account the boundaries and physical features of the area. Canvassing was a door-to-door visit in the entire enumeration area to look for enumeration units (households) to be listed to ensure a complete coverage of the area. Plotting involved listing or drawing of buildings and households on the map using specified symbols. Listing involved the listing of all households -recording the name of household head, address and number of members by sex - in the village or a village segment using a specified form (LFS Form 1). Enumeration involved the interview of 10 sample households selected systematically from the list drawn using the LFS questionnaire (LFS Form 2).
Field enumeratiors', supervisors' and coordinator trained was conduted for two days. A total of 130 staff were trained, consisting of 95 enumerators , 34 supervisors and 1 coordinator. Each interviewer was assigned selected villages based on the sampling procedure. In order to complete the data collection activity within the planned time frame, each enumerator was assigned about 40 to 70 households in four to six villages. The questionnaires were filled by the method of personal interview.
A pre-listing of households was undertaken by the enumerator to generate the current list of households, which was essential to select the sample households based on the systematic sampling procedure. In addition to preparing a current list of buildings, housing units and households certain additional information such as the number of household members, principal economic activity of the household was also collected.
After the selection of sample households, the selected households were revisited to interview one or more responsible members of the household to fill in the questionnaire.
Field enumeratiors', supervisors' and coordinator trained was conduted for two days. A total of 130 staff were trained, consisting of 95 enumerators , 34 supervisors and 1 coordinator. Each interviewer was assigned selected villages based on the sampling procedure. In order to complete the data collection activity within the planned time frame, each enumerator was assigned about 40 to 70 households in four to six villages. The questionnaires were filled by the method of personal interview.
A pre-listing of households was undertaken by the enumerator to generate the current list of households, which was essential to select the sample households based on the systematic sampling procedure. In addition to preparing a current list of buildings, housing units and households certain additional information such as the number of household members, principal economic activity of the household was also collected.
After the selection of sample households, the selected households were revisited to interview one or more responsible members of the household to fill in the questionnaire.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics | NIS | Ministry of Planning |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The following are the LFS forms used during the field enumeration and a brief outline of the fieldwork procedures:
2.1 Listing Sheet (LFS Form 1)
This is a sheet containing a list the buildings, housing units and households within an enumeration area (EA). Other information pertaining to population of households were also recorded.
Listing sheet was used to record all households in the village or part thereof selected for household enumeration. The current list of households was necessary for sampling households and also as an input to derive household weights
2.2 Questionnaire (LFS Form 2)
This is the form used for interviewing and recording information about a household. This questionnaire also contains information on the demographic and economic characteristics of the population.
1. Part I - For all persons
a) Relationship to Household Head
b) Age
c) Sex
2. Part II - For Persons 10 Years and Over
a) Education (Current School Attendance and Highest Educational Attainment)
b) Current Activity (Past Week)
c) Primary Occupation
d) Economic Activity or Industry
e) Nature and Status of Employment
f) Remuneration, Earnings and Commissions Received
g) Hours Worked
h) Availability for /Seeking Additional Work
i) Reasons for not Being Available for Work
2.1 Listing Sheet (LFS Form 1)
This is a sheet containing a list the buildings, housing units and households within an enumeration area (EA). Other information pertaining to population of households were also recorded.
Listing sheet was used to record all households in the village or part thereof selected for household enumeration. The current list of households was necessary for sampling households and also as an input to derive household weights
2.2 Questionnaire (LFS Form 2)
This is the form used for interviewing and recording information about a household. This questionnaire also contains information on the demographic and economic characteristics of the population.
1. Part I - For all persons
a) Relationship to Household Head
b) Age
c) Sex
2. Part II - For Persons 10 Years and Over
a) Education (Current School Attendance and Highest Educational Attainment)
b) Current Activity (Past Week)
c) Primary Occupation
d) Economic Activity or Industry
e) Nature and Status of Employment
f) Remuneration, Earnings and Commissions Received
g) Hours Worked
h) Availability for /Seeking Additional Work
i) Reasons for not Being Available for Work
Data Processing
Data Editing
All completed questionnaires were brought to NIS for processing. Although completed questionnaires were checked and edited by supervisors in the field, specially because of the length of questionnaires and the complexity of the topics covered the need for manual editing and coding by trained staff was accepted as an essential priority activity to produce a cleaned data file without delay. In all 4 staff comprising 3 processing staff and 1 supervisor were trained for two days by the project staff. An instruction manual for manual editing and coding was prepared and translated into Khmer for the guidance of processing staff.
In order to produce an unedited data file, keying in the data as recorded by field enumerators and supervisors, (without subjecting data to manual edit as required by the Analysis Component Project staff), it was necessary to structure manual editing as a two-phase operation. Thus in the first phase, the processing staff coded the questions such as those industry, and occupation which required coding. Editing was restricted to selected structural edits and some error corrections. These edits were restricted to checking the completeness and consistency of responses, legibility, and totaling of selected questions. Error corrections were made without canceling or obliterating the original entry made by the enumerator, by inserting the correction close to the original entry.
Much of the manual editing was carried out in the second phase, after key entry and one hundred percent verification and extraction of error print outs. A wide range of errors had to be corrected which was expected in view of the complexity of the survey and the skill background of the enumeration and processing staff. The manual edits involved the correction of errors arising from incorrect key entry, in-correct/ failure to include identification, miss-coding of answers, failure to follow skip patterns, misinterpretation of measures, range errors, and other consistency errors.
In order to produce an unedited data file, keying in the data as recorded by field enumerators and supervisors, (without subjecting data to manual edit as required by the Analysis Component Project staff), it was necessary to structure manual editing as a two-phase operation. Thus in the first phase, the processing staff coded the questions such as those industry, and occupation which required coding. Editing was restricted to selected structural edits and some error corrections. These edits were restricted to checking the completeness and consistency of responses, legibility, and totaling of selected questions. Error corrections were made without canceling or obliterating the original entry made by the enumerator, by inserting the correction close to the original entry.
Much of the manual editing was carried out in the second phase, after key entry and one hundred percent verification and extraction of error print outs. A wide range of errors had to be corrected which was expected in view of the complexity of the survey and the skill background of the enumeration and processing staff. The manual edits involved the correction of errors arising from incorrect key entry, in-correct/ failure to include identification, miss-coding of answers, failure to follow skip patterns, misinterpretation of measures, range errors, and other consistency errors.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
Sampling errors are those that are related to the size of the sample and the kind of samples selected. Non-sampling errors are those such as arising from errors committed by the interviewers in recording information, response errors and encoding or processing errors.
The results obtained from the survey are subject to sampling errors. Sampling errors in surveys occur as a result of limiting the survey observations to a subset rather than the whole population. These errors are related to the sample size selected and sampling design adopted in the survey. In order to maintain these errors within acceptable levels, the efficient sampling design with the sample allocation described earlier was adopted.
In addition to sampling errors, the estimates are also subject to non-sampling errors that arise in different stages of any survey operation. These include errors that are introduced at the preparatory stage errors committed during data collection including those committed by interviewers and respondents processing errors
The first item includes errors arising from questionnaire design, preparation of definitions and instructions, preparation of table formats etc. The other two categories are clear from the terminology used. The use of trained enumerators and processing staff and careful organization and thorough supervision are essential to control and minimize these errors.
As already referred to, it was possible to obtain responses from all the villages and households that were sampled, and thus it was not necessary to adjust the data for non-response. Thus the bias that is introduced into the estimates as a result of non-response was avoided.
The results obtained from the survey are subject to sampling errors. Sampling errors in surveys occur as a result of limiting the survey observations to a subset rather than the whole population. These errors are related to the sample size selected and sampling design adopted in the survey. In order to maintain these errors within acceptable levels, the efficient sampling design with the sample allocation described earlier was adopted.
In addition to sampling errors, the estimates are also subject to non-sampling errors that arise in different stages of any survey operation. These include errors that are introduced at the preparatory stage errors committed during data collection including those committed by interviewers and respondents processing errors
The first item includes errors arising from questionnaire design, preparation of definitions and instructions, preparation of table formats etc. The other two categories are clear from the terminology used. The use of trained enumerators and processing staff and careful organization and thorough supervision are essential to control and minimize these errors.
As already referred to, it was possible to obtain responses from all the villages and households that were sampled, and thus it was not necessary to adjust the data for non-response. Thus the bias that is introduced into the estimates as a result of non-response was avoided.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data User Service Center | National Institute of Statistics | dusc@nis.gov.kh | www.nis.gov.kh |
| Director, ICT Department | National Institute of Statistics | lundysaint@yahoo.com | www.nis.gov.kh/nada |
Confidentiality
The Statistics Law Article 22 specifies matters of confidentiality. It explicitly says that all staff working with statistics within the Government of Cambodia "shall ensure confidentiality of all individual information obtained from respondents, except under special circumstances with the consent of the Minister of Planning. The information collected under this Law is to be used only for statistical purposes."
Access conditions
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the National Institute of Statistics.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the National Institute of Statistics.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the National Institute of Statistics, or among data from the National Institute of Statistics and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the National Institute of Statistics will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the National Institute of Statistics.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the National Institute of Statistics.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the National Institute of Statistics, or among data from the National Institute of Statistics and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the National Institute of Statistics will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the National Institute of Statistics.
Citation requirements
"National Institute of Statistics of Ministry of Planning of Cambodia Labor Force Survey 2001(LF 2001 ), Version1.0 of the public use dataset (November 2001), provide by the National Institute of Statistics. www.nis.gov.kh"
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General | National Instistute of Statistics | sythan@forum.org.kh | www.nis.gov.kh |
| Director, ICT Department | National Instistute of Statistics | slundy@nis.gov.kh | www.nis.gov.kh |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the National Institute of Statistics, Cambodia bears no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Copyright
(c) 2001, National Institute of Statistics
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-KHM-NIS-LF-2001-v12
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mey Sokhanntey | tey | NIS | Documenter |
Date of Metadata Production
2009-09-28
DDI Document version
Version 1.1 (Sep 2009): Original version with minor edits.
Version 1.2 (Jun 2010): Further edits.
Version 1.2 (Jun 2010): Further edits.