| Author(s) |
National Institute of Statistics, Phnom Penh, Cambodia , National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia , ORC Macro Calverton, Maryland, USA |
| Date |
2010-06-16T10:20 |
| Country |
Cambodia |
| Contributor(s) |
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE HE Prof. Eng Huot HE Ouk Chay Dr. Ung Sam An HE San Sy Than Dr. Sao Sovanratnak Mr. Hor Darith Dr. Saphonn Vonthanak Ms. Elizabeth Smith Ms. Bettina Mass Mr. Mark White Mr. Rodney Hatfield TECHNICAL COMMITTEE HE San Sy Than Dr. Ung S |
| Publisher(s) |
National Institute of Public Health and National Institute of Statistics, Phnom Penh, Cambodia ORC Macro Calverton, Maryland, USA |
| Description |
Final Report for CDHS 2005 |
| Table of contents |
TABLES AND FIGURES .................................................................................................. ix
FOREWORD .......................................................................................................... xvii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................... xix
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS .............................................................................................. xxiii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Geodemography, History, And Economy .............................................................................. 1
1.2 Health Status And Policy ......................................................................................... 2
1.3 Objective and Survey Organization ................................................................................ 3
1.4 Sample Design .................................................................................................... 3
1.5 Questionnaires ................................................................................................... 5
1.6 Training and Fieldwork ........................................................................................... 6
1.7 Data Processing .................................................................................................. 8
1.8 Sample Coverage .................................................................................................. 8
CHAPTER 2 HOUSEHOLD POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS
2.1 Characteristics of the Household Population ...................................................................... 9
2.2 Education of the Household Population ........................................................................... 11
2.3 Housing Characteristics ......................................................................................... 17
2.4 Household Possessions ........................................................................................... 22
2.5 Household Wealth ................................................................................................ 22
2.6 Birth Registration .............................................................................................. 24
CHAPTER 3 UTILIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES FOR ACCIDENT, ILLNESS, OR INJURY
3.1 Accidental Death or Injury ...................................................................................... 27
3.2 Physical Impairment ............................................................................................. 30
3.3 Prevalence and Severity of Illness or Injury .................................................................... 31
3.4 Treatment Sought for Illness or Injury .......................................................................... 32
3.5 Utilization of Health Care Facilities ........................................................................... 34
3.6 Cost for Health Care ............................................................................................ 35
.
CHAPTER 4 RESPONDENT CHARACTERISTICS
4.1 Characteristics of Survey Respondents ........................................................................... 41
4.2 Educational Attainment and Literacy ............................................................................. 43
4.3 Access to Mass Media ............................................................................................ 47
4.4 Employment ...................................................................................................... 49
4.5 Knowledge and attitudes concerning tuberculosis ................................................................. 56
4.6 Use of Tobacco .................................................................................................. 58
CHAPTER 5 FERTILITY
5.1 Current Fertility Levels and Differentials ...................................................................... 61
5.2 Fertility Trends ................................................................................................ 63
5.3 Children Ever Born and Living ................................................................................... 66
5.4 Birth Intervals ................................................................................................. 67
5.5 Age at First Birth .............................................................................................. 69
5.6 Teenage Pregnancy and Motherhood ................................................................................ 70
CHAPTER 6 PRACTICE OF ABORTION
6.1 Number of Induced Abortions ..................................................................................... 73
6.2 Abortion in the Past Five Years ................................................................................. 75
CHAPTER 7 FAMILY PLANNING
7.1 Knowledge of Contraceptive Methods............................................................................... 79
7.2 Ever Use of Contraceptive Methods ............................................................................... 81
7.3 Current Use of Contraceptive Methods ............................................................................ 82
7.4 Number of Children at First Use of Contraception................................................................. 85
7.5 Use of Social Marketing Brands .................................................................................. 85
7.6 Knowledge of Fertile Period ..................................................................................... 86
7.7 Timing of Sterilization ......................................................................................... 87
7.8 Source of Family Planning Methods ............................................................................... 87
7.9 Cost of Family Planning Methods ................................................................................. 89
7.10 Informed Choice ................................................................................................ 89
7.11 Future Use of Contraception .................................................................................... 91
7.12 Reasons for Not Intending to Use a Contraceptive Method in the Future........................................... 91
7.13 Preferred Method of Contraception for Future Use ............................................................... 92
7.14 Exposure to Family Planning Messages ........................................................................... 92
7.15 Contact of Nonusers with Family Planning Providers ............................................................. 93
7.16 Husband's Knowledge of Wife's Use of Contraception.............................................................. 95
CHAPTER 8 OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FERTILITY
8.1 Marital Status .................................................................................................. 97
8.2 Age at First Marriage ........................................................................................... 98
8.3 Age at First Sexual Intercourse................................................................................. 100
8.4 Recent Sexual Activity ......................................................................................... 103
8.5 Postpartum Amenorrhea, Abstinence, and Insusceptibility ........................................................ 106
8.6 Termination of Exposure to Pregnancy ........................................................................... 108
CHAPTER 9 FERTILITY PREFERENCES
9.1 Desire for More Children ....................................................................................... 109
9.2 Need for Family Planning Services .............................................................................. 111
9.3 Ideal Family Size .............................................................................................. 113
9.4 Fertility Planning ............................................................................................. 114
CHAPTER 10 ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY
10.1 Data Quality Issues ........................................................................................... 117
10.2 Adult Mortality................................................................................................ 118
10.3 Maternal Mortality ............................................................................................ 119
CHAPTER 11 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY
11.1 Assessment of Data Quality..................................................................................... 121
11.2 Levels and Trends in Childhood Mortality ...................................................................... 122
11.3 Socioeconomic Differentials in Childhood Mortality ............................................................ 125
11.4 Demographic Differentials in Mortality ........................................................................ 127
11.5 High-Risk Fertility Behavior .................................................................................. 128
CHAPTER 12 CAUSES OF DEATH AMONG INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN
12.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 131
12.2 Cause of Death Reported by the Mother.......................................................................... 131
12.3 Symptoms Prior to Death ....................................................................................... 133
12.4 Possible Cause of Death on the Basis of Symptoms .............................................................. 133
CHAPTER 13 MATERNAL HEALTH
13.1 Antenatal Care ................................................................................................ 137
13.2 Childbirth and Delivery ....................................................................................... 143
13.3 Postnatal Care and Practices .................................................................................. 146
13.4 Perceived Problems in Accessing Women’s Health Care ........................................................... 148
CHAPTER 14 CHILD HEALTH
14.1 Child’s Size at Birth ......................................................................................... 151
14.2 Immunization of Children ...................................................................................... 153
14.3 Acute Respiratory Infection ................................................................................... 155
14.4 Fever ......................................................................................................... 157
14.5 Diarrhea ...................................................................................................... 159
14.6 Feeding Practices ............................................................................................. 161
14.7 Knowledge of ORS Packets ...................................................................................... 163
14.8 Stool Disposal ................................................................................................ 163
CHAPTER 15 NUTRITION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN
15.1 Nutritional Status of Children ................................................................................ 165
15.2 Initiation of Breastfeeding ................................................................................... 169
15.3 Breastfeeding Status by Age ................................................................................... 171
15.4 Duration and Frequency of Breastfeeding ....................................................................... 173
15.5 Types of Complementary Foods .................................................................................. 175
15.6 Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices ............................................................... 176
15.7 Prevalence of Anemia in Children .............................................................................. 178
15.8 Micronutrient Intake among Children ........................................................................... 180
15.9 Use of Iodized Salt ........................................................................................... 182
15.10 Nutritional Status of Women .................................................................................. 183
15.11 Foods Consumed by Mothers .................................................................................... 186
15.12 Prevalence of Anemia in Women ................................................................................ 187
15.13 Micronutrient Intake among Mothers ........................................................................... 189
CHAPTER 16 MALARIA
16.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 191
16.2 Malaria Prevention ............................................................................................ 191
16.3 Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment ............................................................................... 195
CHAPTER 17 HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIOR
17.1 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and of Transmission and Prevention Methods............................................... 197
17.1.1 Awareness of AIDS ........................................................................................... 197
17.1.2 HIV Prevention Methods ...................................................................................... 197
17.1.3 Knowledge about Transmission ................................................................................ 200
17.1.4 Knowledge of Mother-to-Child Transmission ................................................................... 203
17.2 Stigma Associated with AIDS and Attitudes Related to HIV/AIDS ................................................. 205
17.3 Attitudes towards Negotiating Safer Sex and Educating Youth about Condom Use .................................. 208
17.4 Higher-Risk Sex ............................................................................................... 211
17.4.1 Multiple Sexual Partners and Higher-Risk Sex ................................................................ 211
17.4.2 Paid Sex .................................................................................................... 214
17.5 Testing for HIV ............................................................................................... 216
17.6 Reports of Recent Sexually Transmitted Infections ............................................................. 221
17.7 Injections .................................................................................................... 223
17.8 HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge and Behavior Among Youth ........................................................... 226
17.8.1 Knowledge about HIV/AIDS and Source for Condoms ............................................................. 226
17.8.2 Age at First Sex and Condom Use at First Sexual Intercourse ................................................. 227
17.8.3 Recent Sexual Activity ...................................................................................... 231
17.8.4 Higher-Risk Sex ............................................................................................. 233
17.8.5 Drunkenness during Sexual Intercourse ....................................................................... 235
17.8.6 HIV Testing ................................................................................................. 237
CHAPTER 18 HIV PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS
18.1 HIV Testing Protocol .......................................................................................... 239
18.2 Coverage of HIV Testing in the CDHS ........................................................................... 241
18.3 HIV Prevalence ................................................................................................ 245
18.4 HIV Prevalence Among Youth .................................................................................... 252
18.5 HIV Prevalence by Other Characteristics Related to HIV Risk ................................................... 254
18.6 HIV Prevalence Among Couples .................................................................................. 255
CHAPTER 19 CHILDREN AT RISK
19.1 Orphanhood and Children’s Living Arrangements ................................................................. 257
19.2 School Attendance ............................................................................................. 258
19.3 Basic Material Needs .......................................................................................... 259
19.4 Separation of Siblings ........................................................................................ 260
19.5 Succession Planning ........................................................................................... 261
19.6 Dispossession of Property ..................................................................................... 263
CHAPTER 20 WOMEN’S STATUS AND EMPOWERMENT
20.1 Marriage Patterns ............................................................................................. 265
20.2 Interspousal Communication .................................................................................... 268
20.3 Decisionmaking within Households .............................................................................. 269
20.4 Attitudes toward Gender Roles ................................................................................. 271
20.5 Support from Birth Family ..................................................................................... 276
20.6 Financial Empowerment ......................................................................................... 276
20.7 Involvement with Civil Society ................................................................................ 278
CHAPTER 21 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
21.1 Approach to Violence Measurement .............................................................................. 284
21.2 Women’s Experience of Violence since Age 15 and Recent Violence in the 12 Months Preceding the Survey ......... 285
21.3 Violence during Pregnancy ..................................................................................... 287
21.4 Marital Control ............................................................................................... 288
21.5 Interspousal Violence ......................................................................................... 290
21.6 Experience of Forced Sex at Sexual Initiation ................................................................. 297
21.7 Help-Seeking Behavior by Women Who Have Experienced Violence .................................................. 297
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 299
APPENDIX A SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................... 301
APPENDIX B ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS ............................................................................ 319
APPENDIX C DATA QUALITY TABLES ..................................................................................... 345
APPENDIX D PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE 2005 CAMBODIA DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY ..................................... 351
APPENDIX E QUESTIONNAIRES .......................................................................................... 355 |
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