Cambodia Child Labor Survey 2001
Cambodia, 2001
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Reference ID
KHM-NIS-CCLS-2001-v01
Producer(s)
National Institute of Statistics
Metadata
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Jan 07, 2021
Last modified
Jan 08, 2021
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Identification
Survey ID Number
KHM-NIS-CCLS-2001-v01
Title
Cambodia Child Labor Survey 2001
Translated Title
Angkat Kamlang Polkam Koma 2001
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Cambodia | KHM |
Study type
Child Labor Survey [hh/cls]
Abstract
The Royal Government of Cambodia has placed the issue of child labour 2001 high on its agenda, and in recent years has made a large number of interventions, in cooperation with international, regional organizations, NGOs, and other partners. For Cambodia, like the rest of the world, there are many issues that need to be addressed in order to ensure the effective abolition of child labour. Eliminating child labour in Cambodia is one of the most urgent challenges of our time.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
households, individuals and children aged 5-17 years
Version
Version Description
- Version 01 - Edited data for internal use only.
Version Date
2002-09-03
Scope
Notes
The basic services and child labour. This data source was extensively used in planning, studying and analysing child health, child labour and employment issues and in the preparation of the human development report of Cambodia and Child Labour
I.
1. Total children 5-17 years old, working children and non working children (past 7 days)
2. Geographical distribution of working children (past 7 days)
3. School attendence of working children (past 7 days)
4. Children who worked in the past 12 months
5. Children involved in housekeeping activities
II.
1. Number of hours worked per week and schooling status (past 7 days)
2. Currently working children by economic activities
3. Currently working children by occupation
4. Currently working children by employment status
5. Factors that lead children to work
III.
1. Awareness of Hazards at Work Place
2. Difficulties at Work Place of Working Children
3. Working Children who Worked with Machinery at Work Place
IV.
1. Number of Children living away from home by sex, age group and working non-working
2. Number of Children living away from home by strata, and working non- working Children
3. Percentage of working Children living away from home by sex, age group and previous activities before residing with the current family
I.
1. Total children 5-17 years old, working children and non working children (past 7 days)
2. Geographical distribution of working children (past 7 days)
3. School attendence of working children (past 7 days)
4. Children who worked in the past 12 months
5. Children involved in housekeeping activities
II.
1. Number of hours worked per week and schooling status (past 7 days)
2. Currently working children by economic activities
3. Currently working children by occupation
4. Currently working children by employment status
5. Factors that lead children to work
III.
1. Awareness of Hazards at Work Place
2. Difficulties at Work Place of Working Children
3. Working Children who Worked with Machinery at Work Place
IV.
1. Number of Children living away from home by sex, age group and working non-working
2. Number of Children living away from home by strata, and working non- working Children
3. Percentage of working Children living away from home by sex, age group and previous activities before residing with the current family
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National (24 provinces) - Phnom Penh, Other Urban and Other Rura
- Urban/Rural
- Urban/Rural
Geographic Unit
14 Domains:
a. 11 individual provinces:
1. Bantey Meanchy
2. Battambang
3. Kampong Cham
4. Kampong Speu
5. Kampong Thom
6. Kanda
7. Phnom Penh
8. Prey Veng
9. Siem Reap
10. Svay Rieng
11. Takeo
b. 3 groups of provinces:
Group 1: Kampong Chhnang, and Pursat; Tonle Sap provinces
Group 2: Kampot, Sihanouk Ville, Kaoh Kong, and Krong Keb; Coastal provinces
Group 3: Kratie, Steung Treng, Rattanakiri, Mondol Kiri, Preah Vihear, Oddor Meanchey, and Krong Pailin; Mountain provinces
a. 11 individual provinces:
1. Bantey Meanchy
2. Battambang
3. Kampong Cham
4. Kampong Speu
5. Kampong Thom
6. Kanda
7. Phnom Penh
8. Prey Veng
9. Siem Reap
10. Svay Rieng
11. Takeo
b. 3 groups of provinces:
Group 1: Kampong Chhnang, and Pursat; Tonle Sap provinces
Group 2: Kampot, Sihanouk Ville, Kaoh Kong, and Krong Keb; Coastal provinces
Group 3: Kratie, Steung Treng, Rattanakiri, Mondol Kiri, Preah Vihear, Oddor Meanchey, and Krong Pailin; Mountain provinces
Universe
The survey covered all household members and children aged 5 to 17 years residing in the household.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics | Ministry of Planning |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| The International Labour Organization (ILO)/Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) International Labor Organization on the Elimination of Child Labour | ILO/IPEC | Funding on Sampling Design (?) |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| ILO-SIMPOC Consultants | Technical Assistance on Sampling Design |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The sample for CCLS 2001 was a stratified sample selected in two stages. At the first stage, the villages (primary sampling units or PSUs) were selected from the list of villages for every stratum within the domains listed in order of: province/city, district, commune and village. The method of circular systematic sampling with the probability of inclusion of a village proportional to its size (CSS-PPS) was used to select the villages. In addition to the code for the above, the sampling frame contained identification particulars: the name of the villages as well as the number of households in the village as known at that time. The number of households in the village identified in the sampling frame was taken as its size. The actual number of households in selected villages was obtained later by direct listing. In this method, the actual number of households was generally different from the number recorded in the sampling frame. To avoid ambiguity, the number of households in a village as recorded in the sampling frame will always be referred to as its size. In other words, the number of households in the village was used as the measure of size. Sample village selection was done through the use of a computer program.
At the second stage of selection, for each sample village, or PSU (except for large villages), a field listing operation was undertaken. Large villages comprising about 210 households, based on the current household estimates by the village leaders, were segmented first. A segment was then chosen randomly and a complete listing of households was prepared. This entailed carrying out a complete canvass of the PSU in order to make a current and complete listing of households contained within. The procedure involved creating a sketch map of the PSU where physical boundaries in the village and the location of each household were sketched. Canvassing entailed a systematic covering of the entire village following a prescribed path of travel in order to make sure that all housing units in which the households reside were accounted for. After the listing operation was completed, a fixed sample size of 20 households was selected in each PSU. The selection was carried out using circular systematic random sampling with a random start (CSS).
Detailed discussion is provided in Sampling.pdf document.
At the second stage of selection, for each sample village, or PSU (except for large villages), a field listing operation was undertaken. Large villages comprising about 210 households, based on the current household estimates by the village leaders, were segmented first. A segment was then chosen randomly and a complete listing of households was prepared. This entailed carrying out a complete canvass of the PSU in order to make a current and complete listing of households contained within. The procedure involved creating a sketch map of the PSU where physical boundaries in the village and the location of each household were sketched. Canvassing entailed a systematic covering of the entire village following a prescribed path of travel in order to make sure that all housing units in which the households reside were accounted for. After the listing operation was completed, a fixed sample size of 20 households was selected in each PSU. The selection was carried out using circular systematic random sampling with a random start (CSS).
Detailed discussion is provided in Sampling.pdf document.
Response Rate
Not Computed
Weighting
Please see Appendix A in the report on Cambodia Child Labour Survey 2001
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2001-05-11 | 2001-06-11 |
Time periods
| Start date | End date |
|---|---|
| 2001-01-01 | 2001-12-31 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
There were 60 superviosrs assigned for the conduct of CCLS 2001. Of which:
a. National Institute of Statistics: 21 persons
b. Ministry of Planning: 10 persons
c. Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour: 4 persons
d. Planning Offices in Provinces: 25 persons
The roles of the supervisors include:
1. To get authorization for and to facilitate access to households and to constantly supervise the interviewing operation;
2. To immediately edit completed questionnaires to validate al the entries; and
3. To batch and send all validated questionnaires to the central office (NIS) in Phnom Penh.
To further enforce consistency in checking the questionnaires, 4 area coordinators were sent to randomly selected provinces.
a. National Institute of Statistics: 21 persons
b. Ministry of Planning: 10 persons
c. Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour: 4 persons
d. Planning Offices in Provinces: 25 persons
The roles of the supervisors include:
1. To get authorization for and to facilitate access to households and to constantly supervise the interviewing operation;
2. To immediately edit completed questionnaires to validate al the entries; and
3. To batch and send all validated questionnaires to the central office (NIS) in Phnom Penh.
To further enforce consistency in checking the questionnaires, 4 area coordinators were sent to randomly selected provinces.
Data Collection Notes
Recruitment of Enumerators and Supervisors
For this large-scale nationwide survey, a selection committee was formed to recruit the right staff for the survey. The committee included seven members and two secretaries, of whom H.E. Under Secretary of State, Ministry of Planning, was the Head of the committee, the Director General of NIS was the Deputy Head, the Deputy Director General of NIS was the Deputy Head and other Chiefs of NIS Departments were members of the committee. The number of enumerators and supervisors is broken down according to the institutions origin as follows:
1. Enumerators: 250 persons
a. National Institute of Statistics: 104 persons
b. Ministry of Planning: 105 persons
c. Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour: 5 persons
d. Planning Offices in Provinces: 36 persons
2. Supervisors: 60 persons
a. National Institute of Statistics: 21 persons
b. Ministry of Planning: 10 persons
c. Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour: 4 persons
d. Planning Offices in Provinces: 25 persons
Training
The training course consisted of instructions in general interviewing techniques, field procedures, a detailed discussion of items on the questionnaires and practice interviews in the field, as well as the procedure for sample selection in the actual field operation. The training of enumerators and supervisors was broken into two phases. First the supervisors were trained on supervising activities for the duration of four days from 22/01/01 to 25/01/01. This was followed by the enumerator training for the duration of one week from 05/03/01 to 10/03/01, focusing on the actual operation of the interviewing activities.
To validate the feasibility and adaptation of the survey questionnaires and survey methodology to the Cambodian household conditions, a pre-test was conducted in Kandal province following the training. A discussion was organized afterward to decide on the necessary changes that should be reflected in the questionnaires as well as the interviewing techniques.
The enumerators (interviewers) were organized in batches for all the provinces of the survey. Supervisors were assigned to get authorization for and to facilitate access to households and to constantly supervise the interviewing operation. Also, as editing of the completed questionnaires was an integral part of the field data collection, completed questionnaires based on successful interviews were immediately edited by the supervisors to validate all the entries in the questionnaires, before batching and sending them to the central office (NIS) in Phnom Penh. To further enforce consistency in checking the questionnaires, four area coordinators were sent to randomly selected provinces.
For this large-scale nationwide survey, a selection committee was formed to recruit the right staff for the survey. The committee included seven members and two secretaries, of whom H.E. Under Secretary of State, Ministry of Planning, was the Head of the committee, the Director General of NIS was the Deputy Head, the Deputy Director General of NIS was the Deputy Head and other Chiefs of NIS Departments were members of the committee. The number of enumerators and supervisors is broken down according to the institutions origin as follows:
1. Enumerators: 250 persons
a. National Institute of Statistics: 104 persons
b. Ministry of Planning: 105 persons
c. Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour: 5 persons
d. Planning Offices in Provinces: 36 persons
2. Supervisors: 60 persons
a. National Institute of Statistics: 21 persons
b. Ministry of Planning: 10 persons
c. Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour: 4 persons
d. Planning Offices in Provinces: 25 persons
Training
The training course consisted of instructions in general interviewing techniques, field procedures, a detailed discussion of items on the questionnaires and practice interviews in the field, as well as the procedure for sample selection in the actual field operation. The training of enumerators and supervisors was broken into two phases. First the supervisors were trained on supervising activities for the duration of four days from 22/01/01 to 25/01/01. This was followed by the enumerator training for the duration of one week from 05/03/01 to 10/03/01, focusing on the actual operation of the interviewing activities.
To validate the feasibility and adaptation of the survey questionnaires and survey methodology to the Cambodian household conditions, a pre-test was conducted in Kandal province following the training. A discussion was organized afterward to decide on the necessary changes that should be reflected in the questionnaires as well as the interviewing techniques.
The enumerators (interviewers) were organized in batches for all the provinces of the survey. Supervisors were assigned to get authorization for and to facilitate access to households and to constantly supervise the interviewing operation. Also, as editing of the completed questionnaires was an integral part of the field data collection, completed questionnaires based on successful interviews were immediately edited by the supervisors to validate all the entries in the questionnaires, before batching and sending them to the central office (NIS) in Phnom Penh. To further enforce consistency in checking the questionnaires, four area coordinators were sent to randomly selected provinces.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics | NIS | Ministry of Planning |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The Cambodia Child Labour survey 2001 used three forms:
Form 1: Questionnaire for Households
Form 2: Questionnaire for Parents/Guardians of Children Ages 5 to 17 in the Household
Form 3: Questionnaire for Children Ages 5 to 17 in the Household
The household questionnaire (Form 1) included demographic characteristics of all household members, migration status of the household (in the last five years), migration status of children 5 to 17 years of age, housing conditions, household income and expenditures, usual economic activity of household members 5 years old and over during the last 12 months, current economic activity of household members 5 years and over during the past 7 days, earnings and hours of work of household members 5 years old and over who worked (according to the main activity during the past 7 days and other activities during the past 7 days).
In the questionnaire about children aged 5 to 17 in the households (Form 2), queries all children 5 to 17 years old were addressed to parents, guardians, or responsible proxies in the household where the child usually resides. This form contained questions on housekeeping activities/household chores of children 5 to 17 years old; children 5 to 17 years old who were idle/did not do anything during the past 7 days; health and safety of children 5 to 17 years old who had worked at any time; place of work/employer of children 5 to 17 years of age currently working; children 5 to 17 years working as employees for someone else for payment in cash or in kind or without any payment; perception of parents/guardians or other relatives with whom the working child usually resides.
In the questionnaire for children (Form 3), the questions were addressed to children 5 to 17 years of age: hours actually worked, economic activities, age started to work for the first time, currently or usually worked, health and safety of working children, working conditions and perceptions of working children.
The statistical information on hazardous child labour was collected through an establishment survey. Selection of establishments was based on the results of the household-based child labour survey, and establishments found to employ child labour were identified for a follow-up survey by interviewers with the employers and the children identified as child workers.
Form 1: Questionnaire for Households
Form 2: Questionnaire for Parents/Guardians of Children Ages 5 to 17 in the Household
Form 3: Questionnaire for Children Ages 5 to 17 in the Household
The household questionnaire (Form 1) included demographic characteristics of all household members, migration status of the household (in the last five years), migration status of children 5 to 17 years of age, housing conditions, household income and expenditures, usual economic activity of household members 5 years old and over during the last 12 months, current economic activity of household members 5 years and over during the past 7 days, earnings and hours of work of household members 5 years old and over who worked (according to the main activity during the past 7 days and other activities during the past 7 days).
In the questionnaire about children aged 5 to 17 in the households (Form 2), queries all children 5 to 17 years old were addressed to parents, guardians, or responsible proxies in the household where the child usually resides. This form contained questions on housekeeping activities/household chores of children 5 to 17 years old; children 5 to 17 years old who were idle/did not do anything during the past 7 days; health and safety of children 5 to 17 years old who had worked at any time; place of work/employer of children 5 to 17 years of age currently working; children 5 to 17 years working as employees for someone else for payment in cash or in kind or without any payment; perception of parents/guardians or other relatives with whom the working child usually resides.
In the questionnaire for children (Form 3), the questions were addressed to children 5 to 17 years of age: hours actually worked, economic activities, age started to work for the first time, currently or usually worked, health and safety of working children, working conditions and perceptions of working children.
The statistical information on hazardous child labour was collected through an establishment survey. Selection of establishments was based on the results of the household-based child labour survey, and establishments found to employ child labour were identified for a follow-up survey by interviewers with the employers and the children identified as child workers.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Data editing took place at the following stages of data processing:
1. On the field: Manual editing on the done by supervisors.
2. Questionnaire reception at NIS: Manual editing and coding done by 15 manual editing personnels at NIS.
3. During data entry: Re-entry of data in the questionnaires to confirm legitimacy of the entries.
4. Correctness, completeness, range validity and consistency checking: An editing program was developed to check and valiadate data files and produce error printouts from modification.
5. Verification of database with other sources
6. Data quality tabulation: With the preliminary tables generated, data validation work was carried out and range checks built were reviewed.
Processing of CCLS 2001, from data entry to tabulations, was done with the use of the Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS) of the US Bureau of Census. Twenty (20) Machine Encoders (including 2 Supervisors) were trained before the start of machine encoding activities.
1. On the field: Manual editing on the done by supervisors.
2. Questionnaire reception at NIS: Manual editing and coding done by 15 manual editing personnels at NIS.
3. During data entry: Re-entry of data in the questionnaires to confirm legitimacy of the entries.
4. Correctness, completeness, range validity and consistency checking: An editing program was developed to check and valiadate data files and produce error printouts from modification.
5. Verification of database with other sources
6. Data quality tabulation: With the preliminary tables generated, data validation work was carried out and range checks built were reviewed.
Processing of CCLS 2001, from data entry to tabulations, was done with the use of the Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS) of the US Bureau of Census. Twenty (20) Machine Encoders (including 2 Supervisors) were trained before the start of machine encoding activities.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
Since most of the estimates from the survey are in the form of weighted ratios, variances for ratio estimates were thus presented.
Please see Appendix A in the report on Cambodia Child Labour Survey 2001.
Please see Appendix A in the report on Cambodia Child Labour Survey 2001.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director, Demographic Statistics Census and Survey Department | National Institute of Statistics | census@camnet.com.kh | www.nis.gov.kh |
| Data User Service Center | National Institute of Statistics | dusc@nis.gov.kh | www.nis.gov.kh |
Confidentiality
The Statistics Law Article 22 specifies matters of confidentiality. It explicitly says that all staff working with statistics within the Government of Cambodia "shall ensure confidentiality of all individual information obtained from respondents, except under special circumstances with the consent of the Minister of Planning. The information collected under this Law is to be used only for statistical purposes."
Access conditions
Each dataset has an "Access policy". The NIS recommends three levels of accessibility:
- Public use files, accessible to all
- Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions
- Datasets only accessible in a data enclave, for the most sensitive and confidential data.
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the National Institute of Statistics.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the National Institute of Statistics.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the National Institute of Statistics, or among data from the National Institute of Statistics and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the National Institute of Statistics will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the National Institute of Statistics.
- Public use files, accessible to all
- Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions
- Datasets only accessible in a data enclave, for the most sensitive and confidential data.
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the National Institute of Statistics.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the National Institute of Statistics.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the National Institute of Statistics, or among data from the National Institute of Statistics and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the National Institute of Statistics will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the National Institute of Statistics.
Citation requirements
"National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Cambodia, Child Labor Survey 2001(CCLS 2001), Version1.0 of the public use dataset (September 2002), provided by the National Institute of Statistics, Phnom Penh, Cambodia , www.nis.gov.kh"
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General | National Institute of Statistics | sythan@forum.org.kh | www.nis.gov.kh |
| Director, ICT Department | National Institute of Statistics | slundy@nis.gov.kh | www.nis.gov.kh/nada |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the National Institute of Statistics, Cambodia bears no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Copyright
(c) 2001 National Institute of Statistics, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-KHM-NIS-CCLS-2001-v1.4
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kim Chantharith | KC | NIS | Archivist |
| Saint Lundy, Chao Pheav | SL | NIS | Reviewer |
| Chao Pheav | CHP | NIS | Reviewer |
Date of Metadata Production
2009-09-28
DDI Document version
Version 1.4 (September 2010). For finalization.
Version 1.3 (June 2010). This version contains edits on version 1.2 of the DDI document.
Version 1.2 (February 2010). This version contains edits on version 1.1 of the DDI document.
Version 1.1 (October 2009). This version contains edits on the original DDI document.
Version 1.3 (June 2010). This version contains edits on version 1.2 of the DDI document.
Version 1.2 (February 2010). This version contains edits on version 1.1 of the DDI document.
Version 1.1 (October 2009). This version contains edits on the original DDI document.